For graphic paper products deinkability is in the focus of a recyclability test. Nevertheless, repulpability has to be ensured as a prerequisite for a deinking test. Graphic paper products typically have no problems with repulpability and the yield of the pulping process is not determined especially. In contrast, packaging paper products can behave completely different…
The recycling of paper and board products such as printed material, folding boxes, polyethylene coated liquid containers, or envelopes with pressure sensitive adhesives and transparent windows has decisive importance for improving the use of paper for recycling. In this context, good recyclability refers to the easy processing of the secondary fibre raw material into a…
In general, paper and board are easily re-usable after their manufacture. This is daily practice in paper mills by re-using dry broke from finishing operations and off-quality paper. Exceptions are special characteristics like wet-strength paper and the like. On its further path, paper and board gets converted by applying coating colours, inks, varnishes, laminates, adhesives and other…
Collection systems exist in two general types, as pick-up and as drop-off systems, sometimes with both types in parallel. In most countries, the collection systems is defined by the authorities, often on municipality or department level. Particularly in regions where an officially organised collection system does not exist to a large extent, the private and…
Mixed post-consumer paper for recycling which is not thoroughly monitored during collection typically contains unwanted material and should be sorted before the recycling process. Sorting also adds value by enabling the sorting company to create higher priced qualities. After separating the mix into pure packaging and graphic grades, both of the resulting qualities have a…
Challenge and organisation Collection of paper and board for recycling takes place from various sources. These sources are printers and converters, offices, retailers as well as other industrial users and private households. The key to a high collection rate of paper for recycling is an efficient collection from households since the collections from the other…
Paper manufacturers using virgin fibres for production can choose their fibres depending on paper or board quality to be produced, availability of fibre types from various sources, economical as well as ecological aspects. If they are producing their fibres by themselves, they have influence on the origin of the wood, wood species, wood quality and…
The woodworking industries is a field with multiple branches, whose production is based on mechanical wood processing. The woodworking industries consist of the wood-based panel industry and its processing operations, the sawmill industry and its processed products, the construction carpentry industry, the furniture industry, the manufacture of wooden houses, the manufacture of wooden packages and…
Major part of the value of wood is used to produce engineered wood products. These applications include several sawmilling and wood-based panel products, such as sawn timber, plywood, LVL, chipboard and various panels. Together with other renewable wood-based solutions, the engineered wood products have an increasing importance in the global climate change mitigation. This Wood products theme focuses on…
Wood is a renewable natural material with various uses, and it has always satisfied people’s diverse and ever changing needs. Early hunter-gatherers made use of the strong structure of wood in spears and dwellings, nor to mention its heating value as fuel for cooking food. When literacy and the high culture of antiquity offered opportunities for the…
